队列

Pydantic 对于验证进出队列的数据非常有用。下面我们将探讨如何通过各种队列系统验证/序列化数据。

Redis 队列¶

Redis 是一种流行的内存数据结构存储。

要在本地运行此示例，首先需要安装 Redis并在本地启动服务器。

以下是一个简单示例，展示如何使用 Pydantic：

序列化数据以推入队列
在从队列弹出数据时反序列化并验证

import redis

from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr


class User(BaseModel):
    id: int
    name: str
    email: EmailStr


r = redis.Redis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0)
QUEUE_NAME = 'user_queue'


def push_to_queue(user_data: User) -> None:
    serialized_data = user_data.model_dump_json()
    r.rpush(QUEUE_NAME, serialized_data)
    print(f'Added to queue: {serialized_data}')


user1 = User(id=1, name='John Doe', email='john@example.com')
user2 = User(id=2, name='Jane Doe', email='jane@example.com')

push_to_queue(user1)
#> Added to queue: {"id":1,"name":"John Doe","email":"john@example.com"}

push_to_queue(user2)
#> Added to queue: {"id":2,"name":"Jane Doe","email":"jane@example.com"}


def pop_from_queue() -> None:
    data = r.lpop(QUEUE_NAME)

    if data:
        user = User.model_validate_json(data)
        print(f'Validated user: {repr(user)}')
    else:
        print('Queue is empty')


pop_from_queue()
#> Validated user: User(id=1, name='John Doe', email='john@example.com')

pop_from_queue()
#> Validated user: User(id=2, name='Jane Doe', email='jane@example.com')

pop_from_queue()
#> Queue is empty

RabbitMQ¶

RabbitMQ 是一种流行的消息代理，实现了 AMQP 协议。

要在本地运行此示例，首先需要安装 RabbitMQ并启动服务器。

以下是一个简单示例，展示如何使用 Pydantic：

序列化数据以推入队列
在从队列弹出数据时反序列化并验证

首先创建一个发送脚本。

import pika

from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr


class User(BaseModel):
    id: int
    name: str
    email: EmailStr


connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
QUEUE_NAME = 'user_queue'
channel.queue_declare(queue=QUEUE_NAME)


def push_to_queue(user_data: User) -> None:
    serialized_data = user_data.model_dump_json()
    channel.basic_publish(
        exchange='',
        routing_key=QUEUE_NAME,
        body=serialized_data,
    )
    print(f'Added to queue: {serialized_data}')


user1 = User(id=1, name='John Doe', email='john@example.com')
user2 = User(id=2, name='Jane Doe', email='jane@example.com')

push_to_queue(user1)
#> Added to queue: {"id":1,"name":"John Doe","email":"john@example.com"}

push_to_queue(user2)
#> Added to queue: {"id":2,"name":"Jane Doe","email":"jane@example.com"}

connection.close()

这是接收脚本。

import pika

from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr


class User(BaseModel):
    id: int
    name: str
    email: EmailStr


def main():
    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))
    channel = connection.channel()
    QUEUE_NAME = 'user_queue'
    channel.queue_declare(queue=QUEUE_NAME)

    def process_message(
        ch: pika.channel.Channel,
        method: pika.spec.Basic.Deliver,
        properties: pika.spec.BasicProperties,
        body: bytes,
    ):
        user = User.model_validate_json(body)
        print(f'Validated user: {repr(user)}')
        ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)

    channel.basic_consume(queue=QUEUE_NAME, on_message_callback=process_message)
    channel.start_consuming()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    try:
        main()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        pass

测试此示例：

在一个终端运行接收脚本启动消费者
在另一个终端运行发送脚本发送消息

ARQ¶

ARQ 是一个基于 Redis 的快速 Python 任务队列。它构建在 Redis 之上，提供了处理后台任务的简单方法。

要在本地运行此示例，需要安装 Redis并启动服务器。

以下是一个简单示例，展示如何将 Pydantic 与 ARQ 结合使用：

为任务数据定义模型
在入队任务时序列化数据
在处理任务时验证并反序列化数据

import asyncio
from typing import Any

from arq import create_pool
from arq.connections import RedisSettings

from pydantic import BaseModel, EmailStr


class User(BaseModel):
    id: int
    name: str
    email: EmailStr


REDIS_SETTINGS = RedisSettings()


async def process_user(ctx: dict[str, Any], user_data: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
    user = User.model_validate(user_data)
    print(f'Processing user: {repr(user)}')


async def enqueue_jobs(redis):
    user1 = User(id=1, name='John Doe', email='john@example.com')
    user2 = User(id=2, name='Jane Doe', email='jane@example.com')

    await redis.enqueue_job('process_user', user1.model_dump())
    print(f'Enqueued user: {repr(user1)}')

    await redis.enqueue_job('process_user', user2.model_dump())
    print(f'Enqueued user: {repr(user2)}')


class WorkerSettings:
    functions = [process_user]
    redis_settings = REDIS_SETTINGS


async def main():
    redis = await create_pool(REDIS_SETTINGS)
    await enqueue_jobs(redis)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    asyncio.run(main())

此脚本是完整的。它应该可以直接运行来入队任务和处理任务。